Fundamental limits in research refer to the boundaries or constraints within which a system or phenomenon operates. In the context of scientific research, fundamental limits often concern the maximum achievable performance, capacity, or accuracy of a particular system or process. Researchers study these limits to understand the underlying principles that govern the behavior of systems and to identify constraints that may prevent further improvements or advancements in a particular field. By identifying and understanding fundamental limits, researchers can optimize systems, develop new technologies, and push the boundaries of human knowledge.